Game Pong 1D Arduino yang Bikin Ketagihan

Skema & Diagram Sirkuit

Rangkaian berpusat pada Arduino Nano. Berikut koneksi pin yang dipakai di kode program:

• 10 LED: dipasang di pin digital 4 sampai 13, masing-masing lewat resistor pembatas arus, dengan kaki negatif (-) ke GND. Pin 4 dan 13 adalah gawang (LED merah), pin 5 dan 12 adalah posisi pemain (LED kuning), dan pin 6 sampai 11 adalah lapangan (LED hijau). Pin 13 adalah gawang pemain 1 dan pin 4 adalah gawang pemain 2.
• Tombol pemain 1: dihubungkan ke pin digital 3.
• Tombol pemain 2: dihubungkan ke pin digital 2. Kedua tombol dibaca sebagai input digital; rujuk diagram untuk penempatan resistor 10k ohm.
• Buzzer: pada kode, buzzer dikendalikan lewat pin digital 1 (tone(1, ...)). Karena pin 1 juga dipakai sebagai TX serial, jangan memakai Serial Monitor bersamaan dengan game ini.
• LCD 16x2 I2C: memakai antarmuka I2C lewat pin SDA dan SCL (pada Arduino Nano standar berada di A4 dan A5), ditambah VCC dan GND.

Catu daya: pembuat menyarankan baterai lithium agar perangkat portabel. Ikuti juga diagram berikut untuk detail jalur koneksi.

Kode Program

//#include <LiquidCrystal.h>

#include <Wire.h>

#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);


bool willTheBallGoTowardsPlayerTwo = true;
bool isInputAllowed = true;

const int playerOne = 12;
const int goalPlayerOne = 13;
const int buttonPlayerOne = 3;

const int playerTwo = 5;
const int goalPlayerTwo = 4;
const int buttonPlayerTwo = 2;

int scoreOfPlayerOne = 0;
int scoreOfPlayerTwo = 0;

const unsigned long initialMillisecondsPerLED = 400;
const unsigned long initialDeltaMillisecondsPerLED = 50;
unsigned long millisecondsPerLED = initialMillisecondsPerLED;
unsigned long deltaMillisecondsPerLED = initialDeltaMillisecondsPerLED;
unsigned long currentMillis = 0;
unsigned long previousMillis = 0;

int currentPosition = playerOne;        //Player one starts the game.
int previousPosition = playerOne + 1;
int deltaPosition = 0;

int buttonStatePlayerOne = 0;
int lastButtonStatePlayerOne = 0;
int buttonStatePlayerTwo = 0;
int lastButtonStatePlayerTwo = 0;

void setup() {

 
 lcd.backlight();
 lcd.begin(16,2);
  lcd.clear();
  lcd.setCursor(2, 0); 
  lcd.print("1D-Pong Game");
  lcd.setCursor(3, 1); 
  lcd.print("by mircemk");
  delay(2000.);
 
 lcd.clear(); 
 lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
 lcd.print("Player One: 0");
 lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
 lcd.print("Player Two: 0");
 


  pinMode(4, 1);
  pinMode(5, 1);
  pinMode(6, 1);
  pinMode(7, 1);
  pinMode(8, 1);
  pinMode(9, 1);
  pinMode(10, 1);
  pinMode(11, 1);
  pinMode(12, 1);
  pinMode(13, 1);
  /*Connect pins 4 to 13 to 220ohm resistors, connect the LEDs' longer legs(+) to the resistors,
    connect the other legs(-) of the LEDs' to ground.
    I recommend red LEDs for 4 and 13(Goals), yellow LEDs for 5 and 12(Players), green LEDs for other pins(Field).
  */

  pinMode(2, 0);    //Pushbuttons for players. Pin 2 is for player two. Pin 3 is for player one.
  pinMode(3, 0);    //Connect pushbuttons following the instructions on this page: https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/DigitalReadSerial
}

void loop()
{
  ListenForInput();
  currentMillis = millis();
  if (currentMillis - previousMillis >= millisecondsPerLED)  //If you don't understand this, see: https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/BlinkWithoutDelay
  {
    CheckGoalConditions();
    lcd.clear();
    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);  //(Column,Row)
    lcd.print("Player One: ");
    lcd.setCursor(12, 0); 
    lcd.print(scoreOfPlayerOne);

    lcd.setCursor(0, 1);  //(Column,Row)
    lcd.print("Player Two: ");
    lcd.setCursor(12, 1); 
    lcd.print(scoreOfPlayerTwo);
    CheckEndGame();
    DetermineNextPosition();
    MoveBallToNextPosition();

    previousMillis = currentMillis;

  }
}

void ListenForInput()    //If you don't understand this method. See: https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/StateChangeDetection
{
  buttonStatePlayerOne = digitalRead(buttonPlayerOne);
  buttonStatePlayerTwo = digitalRead(buttonPlayerTwo);

  if (buttonStatePlayerOne != lastButtonStatePlayerOne && isInputAllowed)
  {
    if (buttonStatePlayerOne == 1)
    {
      if (currentPosition == playerOne)
      {
        ToggleBallDirection();
        IncreaseSpeed();
        
      }
      else
      {
        ScoreForPlayer(2);
        
      }
    }
    lastButtonStatePlayerOne = buttonStatePlayerOne;
  }
  if (buttonStatePlayerTwo != lastButtonStatePlayerTwo && isInputAllowed)
  {
    if (buttonStatePlayerTwo == 1)
    {
      if (currentPosition == playerTwo)
      {
        ToggleBallDirection();
        IncreaseSpeed();
        
      }
      else
      {
        ScoreForPlayer(1);
        
      }
    }
    lastButtonStatePlayerTwo = buttonStatePlayerTwo;
  }
}

void ToggleBallDirection()
{
  willTheBallGoTowardsPlayerTwo = !willTheBallGoTowardsPlayerTwo;
  isInputAllowed = false;   //Only one direction change per frame is allowed for consistent gameplay.
}

void IncreaseSpeed()
{
  millisecondsPerLED -= deltaMillisecondsPerLED;
  if (deltaMillisecondsPerLED > 50)  //Because of this, it takes a little more time to reach to an insane speed. Adjust or remove this if rounds become too long.
  {
    deltaMillisecondsPerLED -= 50; 
  }
}

void MoveBallToNextPosition()      //Moves the ball one spot.
{
  previousPosition = currentPosition;
  digitalWrite(previousPosition, 0);
  currentPosition = currentPosition + deltaPosition;
  digitalWrite(currentPosition, 1);
  tone(1, 500, 50);
  isInputAllowed = true;
}

void DetermineNextPosition()
{
  if (willTheBallGoTowardsPlayerTwo)
  {
    deltaPosition = -1;
  }
  else
  {
    deltaPosition = 1;
  }
}

void CheckGoalConditions()
{
  if (currentPosition == goalPlayerTwo)
  {
    ScoreForPlayer(1);    
  }
  else if (currentPosition == goalPlayerOne)
  {
    ScoreForPlayer(2);
  }
}

void ScoreForPlayer(int playerWhoScored)
{
  isInputAllowed = false;
  FlashAllLEDs(1, 0);
  if (playerWhoScored == 1)
  {
    scoreOfPlayerOne++;
    
    Reset(1);
      }
  else if (playerWhoScored == 2)
  {
    scoreOfPlayerTwo++;
    
    Reset(2);
  }
  
}

void CheckEndGame()
{
  if (scoreOfPlayerOne == 10)
  {
    lcd.clear();
    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
    lcd.print("Player One Win");
    EndGameCeremonyFor(1);
    
  }
  if (scoreOfPlayerTwo == 10)
  {
    lcd.clear();
    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
    lcd.print("Player Two Win");
    EndGameCeremonyFor(2);
    
  }
}

void Reset(int playerCurrentlyScored)
{
  if (playerCurrentlyScored == 1)
  {
    digitalWrite(playerOne, 1);
    currentPosition = playerOne;
    willTheBallGoTowardsPlayerTwo = true;
    tone(1, 200 ,150 );
  }
  else if (playerCurrentlyScored == 2)
  {
    digitalWrite(playerTwo, 1);
    currentPosition = playerTwo;
    willTheBallGoTowardsPlayerTwo = false;
      tone(1, 300 ,150 );
      
  }

  delay(1000);                //Are three seconds enough for players to process the score?  
  millisecondsPerLED = initialMillisecondsPerLED;            //Sets speed to initial value at the beginning of each round.
  deltaMillisecondsPerLED = initialDeltaMillisecondsPerLED; 
}


void EndGameCeremonyFor(int winner)
{
  FlashAllLEDs(50, winner);
  TurnOffAllLEDsForPlayer(0);
  scoreOfPlayerOne = 0;
  scoreOfPlayerTwo = 0;
  delay(1000);
   lcd.clear();
    lcd.setCursor(4, 0);
    lcd.print("Starting");
     lcd.setCursor(4,1);
    lcd.print("New Game");
    delay(2000);
}

void TurnOnAllLEDsForPlayer(int player)
{
  if (player != 1)          //When this method is called with (2), only these pins(player two's) will turn on
  {
    digitalWrite(4, 1);
    digitalWrite(5, 1);
    digitalWrite(6, 1);
    digitalWrite(7, 1);
    digitalWrite(8, 1);
    tone(1, 1000, 35);
  }
  if (player != 2)          //When this method is called with (1), only these pins(player one's) will turn on
  {
    digitalWrite(9, 1);
    digitalWrite(10, 1);
    digitalWrite(11, 1);
    digitalWrite(12, 1);
    digitalWrite(13, 1);
    tone(1, 1000, 35);
  }
}

void TurnOffAllLEDsForPlayer(int player)
{
  if (player != 1)          //When this method is called with (2), only these pins(player two's) will turn off
  {
    digitalWrite(4, 0);
    digitalWrite(5, 0);
    digitalWrite(6, 0);
    digitalWrite(7, 0);
    digitalWrite(8, 0);
  }
  if (player != 2)          //When this method is called with (1), only these pins(player one's) will turn off
  {
    digitalWrite(9, 0);
    digitalWrite(10, 0);
    digitalWrite(11, 0);
    digitalWrite(12, 0);
    digitalWrite(13, 0);
  }
}

void FlashAllLEDs(int blinkCount, int player) //Second parameter(int player) is for when you want to flash only one player's LEDs. Use 1 for player one, use 2 for player two. 
{
  for (int i = 0; i < blinkCount; i++)
  {
    TurnOnAllLEDsForPlayer(player);
    delay(35);
    TurnOffAllLEDsForPlayer(player);
    delay(35);
  }
}