Membuat Penghitung Jumlah Orang Berbasis Arduino yang Dikendalikan Aplikasi Android

Skema & Diagram Sirkuit

Skema Koneksi Arduino UNO

Berikut pemetaan pin yang dicantumkan langsung oleh pembuat proyek. Perhatikan bahwa pin 6 dan 7 digunakan oleh SoftwareSerial untuk komunikasi dengan HC-06. Pin 9, 10, dan 11 digunakan sebagai output RGB LED. Tiga LDR masuk melalui pin analog A0, A1, dan A2.

• Arduino D2: Laser_Module_1.
• Arduino D3: Laser_Module_2.
• Arduino D4: Laser_Module_3.
• Arduino D5: Buzzer.
• Arduino D6 (RX SoftwareSerial): HC-06 TX.
• Arduino D7 (TX SoftwareSerial): HC-06 RX.
• Arduino D8: Control_Led_1.
• Arduino D12: Control_Led_2.
• Arduino D13: Control_Led_3.
• Arduino D9: RGB Module R.
• Arduino D10: RGB Module G.
• Arduino D11: RGB Module B.
• Arduino A0: LDR_1.
• Arduino A1: LDR_2.
• Arduino A2: LDR_3.

Rangkaian Sensor LDR

Menurut petunjuk program, salah satu kaki LDR dihubungkan ke GND melalui resistor 1 kΩ. LDR membentuk rangkaian pembagi tegangan sehingga perubahan intensitas cahaya menghasilkan perubahan tegangan yang dibaca pin analog Arduino. Hubungkan titik keluaran pembagi tegangan ke A0, A1, atau A2 sesuai sensor. Susunan kaki LDR dan resistor harus mengikuti rangkaian Fritzing asli agar pembacaan analog sesuai dengan ambang program.

Rangkaian Laser Module

Setiap Laser Module dikendalikan dari pin digital Arduino: D2 untuk laser pertama, D3 untuk laser kedua, dan D4 untuk laser ketiga. Pastikan tegangan dan arus modul laser sesuai spesifikasi serta arah sinar tepat mengenai LDR pasangannya. Hindari mengarahkan laser ke mata.

Rangkaian HC-06 Bluetooth

TX HC-06 dihubungkan ke D6 Arduino (RX SoftwareSerial), sedangkan RX HC-06 dihubungkan ke D7 Arduino (TX SoftwareSerial). VCC dan GND modul dihubungkan ke catu daya yang sesuai. Gunakan penyesuaian level logika pada jalur Arduino TX menuju RX HC-06 jika diperlukan. Komunikasi serial berjalan pada Baud Rate 9600.

Rangkaian Buzzer dan Indikator

Buzzer dihubungkan ke pin D5. LED indikator status laser masing-masing terhubung ke D8, D12, dan D13. RGB LED Module menggunakan pin D9 untuk merah, D10 untuk hijau, dan D11 untuk biru. Gunakan resistor pembatas arus sesuai spesifikasi LED dan modul.

Diagram Fritzing

Dokumentasi proyek menyediakan bagian Schematics dengan gambar berjudul Fritzing Picture. Gambar tersebut merupakan referensi visual untuk perakitan, tetapi URL attachment aslinya tidak dapat diverifikasi dari teks halaman yang berhasil diekstrak.

Catatan catu daya: Daftar komponen hanya menyebutkan satu Battery tanpa menjelaskan tegangan dan kapasitasnya. Tentukan catu daya berdasarkan kebutuhan Arduino UNO, HC-06, laser, buzzer, dan LED. Pastikan seluruh GND rangkaian tegangan rendah terhubung bersama sesuai desain dan hindari memberi tegangan berlebih pada pin Arduino.

Kode Program

/////////////////////////////////////////////
//    Create a People Counter with Lasers  //
//           on an Android Device          //
//             by Kutluhan Aktar           //
//                                         //
/////////////////////////////////////////////
// The purpose of the project is to make a people counter that detects the number of people who enter the room using lasers and LDRs and control it with an android app.
//
// Connect the one leg of an LDR to the GND with 1K ohm resistor.
//
// Make sure the lasers are toward to the LDRs directly.
//
// If you want that the results of the people counter is accurate, please set the optimum level of LDRs correctly.
//
//
// Connections:
//
// Arduino Uno
//                                Laser_Module_1
// Pin 2  ------------------------
//                                Laser_Module_2
// Pin 3  ------------------------
//                                Laser_Module_3
// Pin 4  ------------------------
//                                Buzzer
// Pin 5  ------------------------
//                                HC-06 Bluetooth Module
// Pin 6  ------------------------TX
// Pin 7  ------------------------RX
//                                Control_Led_1
// Pin 8  ------------------------
//                                Control_Led_2
// Pin 12 ------------------------
//                                Control_Led_3
// Pin 13 ------------------------
//                                RGB_Module
// Pin 9  ------------------------R
// Pin 10 ------------------------G
// Pin 11 ------------------------B
//                                LDR_1
//     AO ------------------------
//                                LDR_2
//     A1 ------------------------
//                                LDR_3
//     A2 ------------------------

#include <SoftwareSerial.h>

int LaserPin_1 = 2; // Define the laser sensors' pins.
int LaserPin_2 = 3;
int LaserPin_3 = 4;

int BuzzerPin = 5; // Buzzer pin.
int Control_RX = 6; // RX and TX pin for the SoftWareSerial library.
int Control_TX = 7;

int RedPin = 9; // PWM pins for RGB LED sensor.
int GreenPin = 10;
int BluePin = 11;

int Control_Led_1 = 8; // Set the each of led as a mark for the status of the each of laser modules.
int Control_Led_2 = 12;
int Control_Led_3 = 13;

int LDR_1 = A0; // Analog pins for LDRs.
int LDR_2 = A1;
int LDR_3 = A2;
int LDR_1_Read ; // Define the value of LDRs as global variables.
int LDR_2_Read ;
int LDR_3_Read ;

int Counter = 0; // Set the default value of the counter as zero.

volatile boolean Alarm_is_Activated = false; // Choose whether the alarm is on or not.
volatile boolean Alarm_Initial = false;

volatile boolean Counter_Detect = false; // It is a variable to give delay time to Arduino.
SoftwareSerial Control(Control_RX, Control_TX); // Define the Rx and the Tx pins to communicate with Bluetooth Module.

String Name = "Control"; // Name your module and set the password for it.
int Password = 1111;
String Uart = "9600,0,0";

void setup() {

  Serial.begin(9600);
  Control.begin(9600); // Begin HC-06 Bluetooth module to communicate.
  // Change_BluetoothModule_Defaults(); // You can activate it if you want to change the defaults of the Bluetooth module.

  pinMode(LaserPin_1,OUTPUT);
  pinMode(LaserPin_2,OUTPUT);
  pinMode(LaserPin_3,OUTPUT);

  pinMode(RedPin,OUTPUT);
  pinMode(GreenPin,OUTPUT);
  pinMode(BluePin,OUTPUT);

  pinMode(Control_Led_1,OUTPUT);
  pinMode(Control_Led_2,OUTPUT);
  pinMode(Control_Led_3,OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
    get_Data_From_LDR(); // Get the data from LDR sensors.

    if(Control.available()){ // If HC-06 Bluetooth module is available, Commands() has proceeded.

    char c = Control.read();
    Serial.println(c); // Control the characters that are set by the app using the terminal.

    Commands(c);
    }

    Set_Alarm(); // Initial the alarm function.

    Set_Counter(); // Begin the people counter.

}
void Commands(char i){ // Choose which events happen when the specific character is sent from the app to Arduino.

    switch(i){
      case '1' :
      Control.print(Counter);
      break;
      case '2' :
      Alarm_is_Activated = true;
      break;
      case '3' :
      Alarm_is_Activated = false;
      break;
      case '4' :
      digitalWrite(LaserPin_1,HIGH);
      digitalWrite(Control_Led_1,HIGH);
      break;
      case '5' :
      digitalWrite(LaserPin_1,LOW);
      digitalWrite(Control_Led_1,LOW);
      break;
      case '6' :
      digitalWrite(LaserPin_2,HIGH);
      digitalWrite(Control_Led_2,HIGH);
      break;
      case '7' :
      digitalWrite(LaserPin_2,LOW);
      digitalWrite(Control_Led_2,LOW);
      break;
      case '8' :
      digitalWrite(LaserPin_3,HIGH);
      digitalWrite(Control_Led_3,HIGH);
      break;
      case '9' :
      digitalWrite(LaserPin_3,LOW);
      digitalWrite(Control_Led_3,LOW);
      break;
      case 'r' :
      Counter = 0;
      break;
    }
  }

void get_Data_From_LDR(){ // Get the data of LDR sensors.
  LDR_1_Read = analogRead(LDR_1);
  LDR_2_Read = analogRead(LDR_2);
  LDR_3_Read = analogRead(LDR_3);

}

void Set_Counter(){ // Set a people counter.
  if(LDR_1_Read < 150 || LDR_2_Read < 150 || LDR_3_Read < 150){ // If a motion detected.

   Counter_Detect = true;

  }
  else{

    Counter_Detect = false;

  }
     if(Counter_Detect == true){
       Counter = Counter + 1;
       delay(500); // Give some time to get the number of people who enter the room accurately.
      }
      if(Counter_Detect == false){
        Counter = Counter;
      }
}
void Set_Alarm(){ // Set an adjustable alarm system.

  if(Alarm_is_Activated == true){

   if(LDR_1_Read < 150 || LDR_2_Read < 150 || LDR_3_Read < 150){ // If a motion is detected.

    Alarm_Initial = true;

   }
   else{

    Alarm_Initial = false;

   }
   if(Alarm_Initial == true){
    tone(BuzzerPin,500);
     Color_Change(255, 0, 0);
     delay(50);
     Color_Change(0, 255, 0);
     delay(50);
     Color_Change(0, 0, 255);
     delay(50);
     Color_Change(255, 255, 0);
     delay(50);
     Color_Change(80, 0, 80);
     delay(50);
     Color_Change(0, 255, 255);
     delay(50);
     Color_Change(255, 255, 255);
     delay(50);
   }
  }
  if(Alarm_is_Activated == false || Alarm_Initial == false ){
    noTone(BuzzerPin);
    Color_Change(0, 0, 0);
  }
}
void Color_Change(int red, int green, int blue){ // Change the RGB Module variables easily.
 red = 255 - red;
 green = 255 - green;
 blue = 255 - blue;
 analogWrite(RedPin, red);
 analogWrite(GreenPin, green);
 analogWrite(BluePin, blue);
}

void Change_BluetoothModule_Defaults(){ // Change the default values of the Bluetooth module whatever values you choose.

  Control.print("AT+NAME"); // Change the name.
  Control.println(Name);
  Serial.print("Name is changed: ");
  Serial.println(Name);
  delay(2000);
  Control.print("AT+PSWD"); // Change the password.
  Control.println(Password);
  Serial.print("Password is changed: ");
  Serial.println(Password);
  delay(2000);
  Control.print("AT+UART"); // Change the baud rate. If the Bluetooth module is a HC-05, the default value of the baud rate is 38400.
  Control.println(Uart);
  Serial.print("Baud rate is set: ");
  Serial.println(Uart);
  delay(2000);
  Serial.println("Task is completed."); // You can see whether the task is completed correctly or not using the terminal.
}